✨ Tajweed rules with official teacher audio

Tajweed

كِتَابُ التَّجْوِيدِ وَالمُصْحَفُ المُعَلِّمُ

The complete science and rules of tajweed in 10 chapters, including a studio for pronouncing all 28 letters (Makharij & Sifat), the classical poem Matn Tuhfat al-Atfal (61 lines) and a listen-and-repeat Al-Mushaf Al-Mu'allim player (Sheikh Al-Husary & Sheikh Al-Minshawi).

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Play the teaching recitation (Mu'allim) of any ayah in the Quran, or tap to hear the examples in each lesson below.

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🎨 Standard tajweed colour coding in the Quran

Following the international Mushaf Tajweed standard

Madd

Prolong 4–6 counts

Ghunnah

Nasal sound, 2 counts (نّ، مّ)

Ikhfa'

Concealment (15 letters)

Qalqalah

Echoing sound (قطب جد)

Idgham

Merging (يرملون)

Silent / not pronounced

Hamzatul Wasl / Silent

Contents of the 10 chapters

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Chapter 1: Foundations of Tajweed & Isti'adhah

الباب الأول: مبادئ علم التجويد والاستعاذة والبسملة

The definition of the science of tajweed, its purpose, the ruling on learning it, and the rules of Isti'adhah (seeking refuge) and Basmalah.

1.1

Definition, purpose and ruling of tajweed

Linguistically, tajweed (التجويد) means «making something excellent». Technically, it means pronouncing every letter from its correct point of articulation (makhraj) and giving it its full due of characteristics (sifat), both permanent and incidental. • Ruling on learning it: knowing the theory is a communal obligation (Fard Kifayah), but reciting correctly by its rules when reading the Quran is a personal obligation (Fard 'Ayn) on every Muslim. • Purpose: protecting the tongue from mistakes (lahn) when reciting the words of Allah.

1.2

The rules of Isti'adhah & Basmalah

Before you begin reciting the Quran, recite the words of refuge: «أَعُوذُ بِاللَّهِ مِنَ الشَّيْطَانِ الرَّجِيمِ». Then recite «بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَـٰنِ الرَّحِيمِ» at the beginning of every surah, except Surah At-Tawbah (surah 9), the only one without a Basmalah. There are 4 permitted ways to combine the Isti'adhah, the Basmalah and the start of the surah: 1. Separate all (Qat'ul Kul): pause after the Isti'adhah, pause after the Basmalah, then begin the surah (the best way). 2. Join all (Waslul Kul): recite all three in one breath. 3. Join the Basmalah with the start of the surah (Faslul Awwal wa Waslu Thani). 4. Join the Isti'adhah with the Basmalah, then pause for breath before beginning the surah.

🎧 Real example • Basmalah at the start of a surah

بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَـٰنِ الرَّحِيمِ

Surah 1 : ayah 1

🗣️

Chapter 2: The 17 points of articulation (Makharij)

الباب الثاني: مخارج الحروف السبعة عشر

The 5 main areas of articulation (the oral cavity, throat, tongue, lips and nose) and the 17 points according to Imam Ibn al-Jazari.

2.1

The 5 main areas of articulation (Makharij Ammah)

1. Al-Jawf (the empty space of the mouth and throat): for the 3 long-vowel letters (ا، و، ي). 2. Al-Halq (the throat): divided into the deepest part (ء، هـ), the middle (ع، ح) and the top of the throat (غ، خ). 3. Al-Lisan (the tongue): produces 18 letters from 10 points (the back, middle, sides and tip of the tongue). 4. Ash-Shafatayn (the two lips): produces 4 letters (ف، و، ب، م). 5. Al-Khayshum (the nasal cavity): where the ghunnah of Noon and Meem is produced.

2.2

How to find a letter's point of articulation

To find where a letter comes from, put a Hamzah before it, give the letter a sukoon or shaddah, and pronounce it. The place where the sound is held is that letter's makhraj. For example: أَبْ (the lips), أَتْ (the tip of the tongue), أَنْ (the tip of the tongue + the nose).

✨

Chapter 3: Characteristics of the letters (Sifat al-Huruf)

الباب الثالث: صفات الحروف اللازمة والعارضة

The permanent characteristics of the letters that have opposites (Hams/Jahr, Shiddah/Rakhawah...) and those that have no opposite (Qalqalah, Safeer...).

3.1

Characteristics with opposites (5 pairs)

• Hams (whispered breath): 10 letters (فَحَثَّهُ شَخْصٌ سَكَتَ). Its opposite is Jahr (the breath is held, a clear sound). • Shiddah (a strong sound that stops the breath): 8 letters (أَجِدُ قَطٍ بَكَتْ). Its opposite is Rakhawah (a soft, flowing sound), with Tawassut in between (لِنْ عُمَرْ). • Isti'la (the tongue rises, making the sound heavy): 7 letters (خُصَّ ضَغْطٍ قِظْ). Its opposite is Istifal (the tongue stays low, a light sound). • Itbaq (the tongue closes against the palate): 4 letters (ص، ض، ط، ظ). Its opposite is Infitah (the tongue stays open). • Idhlaq (easy to pronounce): (فَرَّ مِنْ لُبٍّ). Its opposite is Ismat.

3.2

Characteristics without opposites (7 characteristics)

• Safeer (a whistling sound like a bird): 3 letters (ص، ز، س). • Qalqalah (an echoing vibration when the letter has sukoon): 5 letters (قُطْبُ جَدٍّ). • Leen (a soft, easy sound): (و، ي) with sukoon, when the letter before them has a fathah. • Inhiraf (the sound inclines): (ل، ر). • Takreer (the tip of the tongue trills): (ر) — take care not to over-trill. • Tafash-shi (the air spreads through the mouth): (ش). • Istitalah (the sound stretches along the edge of the tongue): (ض).

🟢

Chapter 4: Noon Sakinah & Tanween

الباب الرابع: أحكام النون الساكنة والتنوين

The most important foundational rules of tajweed: Izhar, Idgham, Iqlab and Ikhfa'.

4.1

1. Izhar Halqi (الإظهار الحلقي)

It means «pronouncing clearly», without any nasal sound (ghunnah). It happens when Noon Sakinah (نْ) or tanween (ً ٍ ٌ) meets one of the 6 throat letters: (ء، هـ، ع، ح، غ، خ). Examples: مَنْ ءَامَنَ, أَنْعَمْتَ, مِنْ خَوْفٍ.

🎧 Real example • Izhar in أَنْعَمْتَ (Noon Sakinah meets Ayn)

صِرَاطَ الَّذِينَ أَنْعَمْتَ عَلَيْهِمْ

Surah 1 : ayah 7

4.2

2. Idgham (الإدغام) and its exception

It means «merging» the Noon Sakinah or tanween into the next letter. There are 6 Idgham letters, gathered in the word (يَرْمَلُونَ), in 2 types: • Idgham with ghunnah (Idgham bi-Ghunnah): with 4 letters (ي، ن، م، و) — hold the nasal sound for 2 counts (examples: مَن يَقُولُ, مِن نِّعْمَةٍ). • Idgham without ghunnah (Idgham bi-Ghayr Ghunnah): with 2 letters (ل، ر) — merge completely with no ghunnah (examples: مِن رَّبِّهِمْ, مَن لَّمْ). ⚠️ Exception (Izhar Mutlaq): if Noon Sakinah meets an Idgham letter within the same word, do not merge; pronounce it clearly. There are only 4 such words in the whole Quran: دُنْيَا (Dunya), بُنْيَانٌ (Bunyan), صِنْوَانٌ (Sinwan) and قِنْوَانٌ (Qinwan).

🎧 Real example • Idgham without ghunnah: يَكُن لَّهُ (Noon Sakinah merges into Laam)

وَلَمْ يَكُن لَّهُ كُفُوًا أَحَدٌ

Surah 112 : ayah 4

4.3

3. Iqlab (الإقلاب)

It means «changing the sound». It happens when Noon Sakinah or tanween meets the single letter Baa (ب). The Noon sound changes into a Meem (م) sound with a ghunnah of 2 counts, with the lips slightly apart. In the Quran it is marked with a small Meem (ۢ) above.

🎧 Real example • Iqlab in أَنۢبِئْهُم (Noon changes to Meem)

قَالَ يَا آدَمُ أَنۢبِئْهُم بِأَسْمَائِهِمْ

Surah 2 : ayah 33

4.4

4. Ikhfa' Haqiqi (الإخفاء الحقيقي)

It means «concealing the sound», between Izhar and Idgham. It happens when Noon Sakinah or tanween meets any of the remaining 15 letters (ص، ذ، ث، ك، ج، ش، ق، س، د، ط، ز، ف، ت، ض، ظ). • Heavy Ikhfa' (Tafkheem): before the 5 heavy letters (ص، ض، ط، ظ، ق), as in: مِن قَبْلُ, عَن صَلَاتِهِمْ. • Light Ikhfa' (Tarqeeq): before the remaining 10 light letters, as in: مِن شَرِّ, أَنتُمْ.

🎧 Real example • Ikhfa' in مِن شَرِّ (Noon Sakinah meets Sheen)

مِن شَرِّ مَا خَلَقَ

Surah 113 : ayah 2

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Chapter 5: The rules of Meem Sakinah

الباب الخامس: أحكام الميم الساكنة

The 3 rules of Meem Sakinah (مْ): Ikhfa' Shafawi, Idgham Shafawi and Izhar Shafawi.

5.1

The three rules of Meem Sakinah

1. Ikhfa' Shafawi (إخفاء شفوي): Meem Sakinah (مْ) meets the single letter Baa (ب); conceal the Meem with a ghunnah of 2 counts (example: تَرْمِيهِم بِحِجَارَةٍ). 2. Idgham Shafawi / Mithlayn Saghir (إدغام شفوي): Meem Sakinah (مْ) meets another Meem (م); merge the two Meems with a ghunnah of 2 counts (example: لَهُم مَّا يَشَاءُونَ). 3. Izhar Shafawi (إظهار شفوي): Meem Sakinah (مْ) meets any of the remaining 26 letters; pronounce the Meem clearly. Take particular care before Waaw (و) and Faa (ف) not to conceal it by mistake, because their points of articulation are close.

🎧 Real example • Ikhfa' Shafawi: تَرْمِيهِم بِحِجَارَةٍ (Meem Sakinah meets Baa)

تَرْمِيهِم بِحِجَارَةٍ مِّن سِجِّيلٍ

Surah 105 : ayah 4

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Chapter 6: The rules of prolongation (Ahkam al-Madd)

الباب السادس: أحكام المدود وأقسامها

Natural prolongation (Madd Asli, 2 counts) and secondary prolongation (Madd Far'i, 4, 5 or 6 counts).

6.1

1. Madd Asli / Tabi'i (2 counts)

The basic, natural prolongation of 2 counts (harakat) on the 3 madd letters: Alif (ا) preceded by a fathah, Waaw (و) preceded by a dammah, and Yaa (ي) preceded by a kasrah. Examples: قَالَ، يَقُولُ، قِيلَ.

🎧 Real example • Madd Tabi'i (2 counts)

قُلْ هُوَ اللَّهُ أَحَدٌ

Surah 112 : ayah 1

6.2

2. Madd Muttasil & Madd Munfasil (4 to 5 counts)

• Madd Muttasil (مد متصل واجب): the madd letter and the Hamzah are in the same word (examples: جَاءَ، السَّمَاءِ); it must be prolonged 4 or 5 counts. • Madd Munfasil (مد منفصل جائز): the madd letter ends one word and the Hamzah begins the next (example: إِنَّا أَعْطَيْنَاكَ); it is prolonged 4 or 5 counts.

🎧 Real example • Madd Muttasil in جَاءَ (4–5 counts)

إِذَا جَاءَ نَصْرُ اللَّهِ وَالْفَتْحُ

Surah 110 : ayah 1

6.3

3. Madd Lazim (6 counts)

The longest prolongation: a full 6 counts, strictly obligatory. It happens when a madd letter is followed by a letter with a permanent sukoon or a shaddah. • Lazim Kalimi (within a word): as in الضَّالِّينَ (Muthaqqal) and آلْآنَ (Mukhaffaf). • Lazim Harfi (in the opening letters of surahs): as in الم (Laam merges into Meem, Muthaqqal) and يس (Seen without Idgham, Mukhaffaf).

🎧 Real example • Madd Lazim in الضَّالِّينَ (a full 6 counts)

غَيْرِ الْمَغْضُوبِ عَلَيْهِمْ وَلَا الضَّالِّينَ

Surah 1 : ayah 7

⚡

Chapter 7: The rules of Qalqalah (the echoing sound)

الباب السابع: أحكام القلقلة ومراتبها

The echoing vibration on the 5 letters (ق، ط، ب، ج، د) and its 3 levels.

7.1

The Qalqalah letters and their 3 levels

There are 5 Qalqalah letters, gathered in the phrase (قُطْبُ جَدٍّ). Qalqalah happens when these letters have a sukoon or when you stop on them. It has 3 levels: 1. Qalqalah Kubra (the strongest): stopping on a final letter with a shaddah (examples: وَتَبَّ, الْحَقُّ). 2. Qalqalah Wusta (medium): stopping on a final letter with an ordinary sukoon (examples: الْفَلَقِ, خَلَقَ, وَقَبَ, مُحِيطٌ). 3. Qalqalah Sughra (light): when the letter has a sukoon in the middle of a word or sentence (examples: يَقْطَعُونَ, أَبْنَاءَهُمْ, يَجْعَلُونَ).

🎧 Real example • Qalqalah Wusta in الْفَلَقِ (Qaaf at the end of the ayah)

قُلْ أَعُوذُ بِرَبِّ الْفَلَقِ

Surah 113 : ayah 1

🔶

Chapter 8: The rules of Raa and Laam (Tafkheem & Tarqeeq)

الباب الثامن: أحكام الراء ولام لفظ الجلالة ترقيقاً وتفخيماً

Pronouncing heavy (Tafkheem) and light (Tarqeeq) on the letter Raa (ر) and the name of Allah (الله).

8.1

The rules of Raa (ر) and the Laam of the name of Allah (Lam al-Jalalah)

• The letter Raa: - Heavy (Tafkheem) when it has a fathah or dammah, or a sukoon after a fathah/dammah (examples: رَبَّنَا, رُحَمَاءُ, أَرْسَلْنَا). - Light (Tarqeeq) when it has a kasrah, or a sukoon after an original kasrah (examples: رِزْقًا, فِرْعَوْنَ). • The Laam of the name of Allah (الله): - Heavy (Tafkheem) when the letter before it has a fathah or dammah (examples: قَالَ اللَّهُ, نَصْرُ اللَّهِ). - Light (Tarqeeq) when the letter before it has a kasrah (examples: بِسْمِ اللَّهِ, لِلَّهِ).

🎧 Real example • Tafkheem in the name اللَّهُ (heavy)

قُلْ هُوَ اللَّهُ أَحَدٌ

Surah 112 : ayah 1

🛑

Chapter 9: Stopping and starting (Waqf & Ibtida')

الباب التاسع: أحكام الوقف والابتداء وعلامات المصحف

The rules for pausing for breath and resuming without changing the meaning, and the stop signs in the Quran.

9.1

The 6 stop signs in the Quran

• (مـ) Waqf Lazim: you must stop; not stopping would distort the meaning of the ayah. • (لا) Waqf Mamnu': do not stop; keep reciting, except at the end of an ayah. • (ج) Waqf Ja'iz: stopping and continuing are equally permitted. • (صلى) Al-Waslu Awla: you may stop, but continuing is better. • (قلى) Al-Waqfu Awla: you may continue, but stopping is better. • (∴ ∴) Ta'anuq al-Waqf: two sets of three dots — if you stop at the first, do not stop at the second.

📜

Chapter 10: The poem Tuhfat al-Atfal

الباب العاشر: متن تحفة الأطفال للشيخ سليمان الجمزوري

The world's most famous classical tajweed poem, 61 lines by Sheikh Sulayman al-Jamzuri, with a translation.

10.1

Introduction to Tuhfat al-Atfal

The poem «Tuhfat al-Atfal» (A Gift for Children and Beginners) was written by Imam Sulayman al-Jamzuri as an easy-to-remember summary of the key tajweed rules. Quran students around the world memorize it to keep the rules of tajweed in mind.

Studio for pronouncing the 28 Arabic letters (Makharij)

High-quality HD teaching audio 🗣️

Listen to how each letter and its 4 vowel marks (fathah, dammah, kasrah, sukun) are pronounced, with model recitation from the Quran by Al-Husary / Al-Minshawi.

Hamzah

همزة

Position: The deepest part of the throat (Aqsal-Halq), close to the chest.

Jahr (audible) Shiddah (strong) Istifal (lowered tongue) Infitah (open)

Baa

باء

Qalqalah

Position: Both lips press firmly together, then open outwards.

Qalqalah (echoing) Jahr (audible) Shiddah (strong) Infitah (open)

Taa

تاء

Position: The tip of the tongue touches the gum of the upper front teeth, with a whispered release of breath (Hams).

Hams (whispered breath) Shiddah (strong) Istifal (lowered tongue) Infitah (open)

Thaa

ثاء

Position: The tip of the tongue protrudes to touch the edges of the upper front teeth (soft and whispered).

Hams (whispered breath) Rakhawah (soft) Istifal (lowered tongue) Infitah (open)

Jeem

جيم

Qalqalah

Position: The middle of the tongue touches the hard palate (qalqalah when it has sukun).

Qalqalah (echoing) Jahr (audible) Shiddah (strong) Infitah (open)

Haa (heavy)

حاء

Position: The middle of the throat (Wasat al-Halq): a clean, crisp, breathy sound.

Hams (whispered breath) Rakhawah (soft) Istifal (lowered tongue) Infitah (open)

Khaa

خاء

Tafkheem

Position: The uppermost part of the throat (Adnal-Halq), next to the back of the tongue (heavy).

Tafkheem (heavy) Hams (whispered breath) Rakhawah (soft) Isti'la (raised tongue)

Daal

دال

Qalqalah

Position: The tip of the tongue touches the gum of the upper front teeth (qalqalah when it has sukun).

Qalqalah (echoing) Jahr (audible) Shiddah (strong) Istifal (lowered tongue)

Dhaal

ذال

Position: The tip of the tongue protrudes to touch the edges of the upper front teeth (soft and audible).

Jahr (audible) Rakhawah (soft) Istifal (lowered tongue) Infitah (open)

Raa

راء

Tafkheem

Position: The tip and upper side of the tongue touch the front palate, near the point of Laam (light trill).

Takreer (trilled) Inhiraf (inclined) Tafkheem/Tarqeeq Tawassut (moderate)

Zaay

زاي

Position: The tip of the tongue near the lower front teeth; air flows out between the teeth (whistling).

Safeer (whistling) Jahr (audible) Rakhawah (soft) Istifal (lowered tongue)

Seen

سين

Position: The tip of the tongue near the lower front teeth, whispered with a light whistle.

Safeer (whistling) Hams (whispered breath) Rakhawah (soft) Istifal (lowered tongue)

Sheen

شين

Position: The middle of the tongue touches the palate; the air spreads through the mouth (Tafash-shi).

Tafash-shi (spreading) Hams (whispered breath) Rakhawah (soft) Istifal (lowered tongue)

Saad

صاد

Tafkheem

Position: The tip of the tongue near the lower teeth while the tongue closes against the upper palate (very heavy and whistling).

Itbaq (closed) Isti'la (raised tongue) Safeer (whistling) Hams (whispered breath)

Daad

ضاد

Tafkheem

Position: The side edge of the tongue touches the upper molars, stretching the sound along the side (Istitalah).

Istitalah (elongated) Itbaq (closed) Isti'la (raised tongue) Jahr (audible)

Taa (heavy)

طاء

Qalqalah Tafkheem

Position: The tip of the tongue touches the upper gum while the tongue closes against the palate (heaviest, with qalqalah).

Itbaq (closed) Isti'la (raised tongue) Qalqalah (echoing) Shiddah (strong)

Dhaa (heavy)

ظاء

Tafkheem

Position: The tip of the tongue protrudes to the upper front teeth while the tongue closes against the palate (heavy).

Itbaq (closed) Isti'la (raised tongue) Jahr (audible) Rakhawah (soft)

Ayn

عين

Position: The middle of the throat (Wasat al-Halq), slightly tightening the throat muscles.

Jahr (audible) Tawassut (moderate) Istifal (lowered tongue) Infitah (open)

Ghayn

غين

Tafkheem

Position: The uppermost part of the throat (Adnal-Halq): a heavy sound, like gargling.

Tafkheem (heavy) Jahr (audible) Rakhawah (soft) Isti'la (raised tongue)

Faa

فاء

Position: The edges of the upper front teeth touch the inside of the lower lip.

Hams (whispered breath) Rakhawah (soft) Istifal (lowered tongue) Infitah (open)

Qaaf

قاف

Qalqalah Tafkheem

Position: The back of the tongue touches the soft palate (heavy, with qalqalah).

Tafkheem (heavy) Qalqalah (echoing) Jahr (audible) Shiddah (strong)

Kaaf

كاف

Position: The back of the tongue touches the hard palate (slightly below Qaaf), with a whispered release of breath (Hams).

Hams (whispered breath) Shiddah (strong) Istifal (lowered tongue) Infitah (open)

Laam

لام

Position: The edges of the tip of the tongue touch the front of the hard palate.

Inhiraf (inclined) Tawassut (moderate) Istifal (lowered tongue) Infitah (open)

Meem

ميم

Position: Both lips meet and the sound flows through the nose (ghunnah).

Ghunnah (nasal) Jahr (audible) Tawassut (moderate) Istifal (lowered tongue)

Noon

نون

Position: The tip of the tongue touches the gum of the upper front teeth and the sound flows through the nose (ghunnah).

Ghunnah (nasal) Jahr (audible) Tawassut (moderate) Istifal (lowered tongue)

Haa (light)

هاء

Position: The deepest part of the throat (Aqsal-Halq), the same point as Hamzah but breathy.

Hams (whispered breath) Rakhawah (soft) Istifal (lowered tongue) Khafaa (hidden)

Waaw

واو

Position: Both lips form an open circle.

Leen (soft) Jahr (audible) Rakhawah (soft) Istifal (lowered tongue)

Yaa

ياء

Position: The middle of the tongue rises towards the hard palate.

Leen (soft) Jahr (audible) Rakhawah (soft) Istifal (lowered tongue)

📜 The complete classical tajweed poem in 61 lines

Matn Tuhfat al-Atfal

مَتْنُ تُحْفَةِ الأَطْفَالِ وَالغِلْمَانِ فِي تَجْوِيدِ القُرْآنِ — لِلشَّيْخِ سُلَيْمَانَ الجَمْزُورِي

Introduction

يَقُولُ رَاجِي رَحْمَةِ الْغَفُورِ * دَوْمًا سُلَيْمَانُ هُوَ الْجَمْزُورِي

Meaning: Says the one who always hopes for the mercy of the All-Forgiving, Sulayman al-Jamzuri:

Introduction

الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ مُصَلِّيًا عَلَى * مُحَمَّدٍ وَآلِهِ وَمَنْ تَلَا

Meaning: All praise is for Allah, with blessings upon Muhammad, his family and those who follow him.

Introduction

وَبَعْدُ هَذَا النَّظْمُ لِلْمُرِيدِ * فِي النُّونِ وَالتَّنْوِينِ وَالْمُدُودِ

Meaning: And then: this poem is for the seeker, on Noon, tanween and the madd.

Introduction

سَمَّيْتُهُ بِتُحْفَةِ الأَطْفَالِ * عَنْ شَيْخِنَا الْمِيهِيِّ ذِي الْكَمَالِ

Meaning: I have named it «Tuhfat al-Atfal» (A Gift for Children), from our sheikh al-Mihi, the accomplished.

Introduction

أَرْجُو بِهِ أَنْ يَنْفَعَ الطُّلابَا * وَالأَجْرَ وَالْقَبُولَ وَالثَّوَابَا

Meaning: I hope that it benefits the students, and brings reward, acceptance and recompense.

Noon Sakinah & Tanween

لِلنُّونِ إِنْ تَسْكُنْ وَلِلتَّنْوِينِ * أَرْبَعُ أَحْكَامٍ فَخُذْ تَبْيِينِي

Meaning: Noon when it has sukoon, and tanween, have four rulings, so take my explanation:

Noon Sakinah & Tanween

فَالأَوَّلُ الإِظْهَارُ قَبْلَ أَحْرُفِ * لِلْحَلْقِ سِتٌّ رُتِّبَتْ فَلْتَعْرِفِ

Meaning: The first is Izhar, before the six throat letters, arranged in order, so know them:

Noon Sakinah & Tanween

هَمْزٌ فَهَاءٌ ثُمَّ عَيْنٌ حَاءُ * مُهْمَلَتَانِ ثُمَّ غَيْنٌ خَاءُ

Meaning: Hamzah, then Haa (هـ), then Ayn and the undotted Haa (ح), then Ghayn and Khaa.

Noon Sakinah & Tanween

وَالثَّانِ إِدْغَامٌ بِسِتَّةٍ أَتَتْ * فِي يَرْمَلُونَ عِنْدَهُمْ قَدْ ثَبَتَتْ

Meaning: The second is Idgham, with six letters that come in «yarmaloon», as established by them.

Noon Sakinah & Tanween

لَكِنَّهَا قِسْمَانِ قِسْمٌ يُدْغَمَا * فِيهِ بِغُنَّةٍ بِيَنْمُو عُلِمَا

Meaning: But it has two types: one type is merged with ghunnah, known by «yanmoo».

Noon Sakinah & Tanween

إِلَّا إِذَا كَانَا بِكِلْمَةٍ فَلَا * تُدْغِمْ كَدُنْيَا ثُمَّ صِنْوَانٍ تَلَا

Meaning: Unless both are in one word, then do not merge, as in «dunya», then «sinwan» follows.

Noon Sakinah & Tanween

وَالثَّانِ إِدْغَامٌ بِغَيْرِ غُنَّهْ * فِي اللَّامِ وَالرَّا ثُمَّ كَرِّرَنَّهْ

Meaning: The second type is Idgham without ghunnah, in Laam and Raa, and then make it emphatic.

Noon Sakinah & Tanween

وَالثَّالِثُ الإِقْلَابُ عِنْدَ الْبَاءِ * مِيمًا بِغُنَّةٍ مَعَ الإِخْفَاءِ

Meaning: The third is Iqlab, before Baa, into a Meem with ghunnah and concealment.

Noon Sakinah & Tanween

وَالرَّابِعُ الإِخْفَاءُ عِنْدَ الْفَاضِلِ * مِنَ الحُرُوفِ وَاجِبٌ لِلْفَاضِلِ

Meaning: The fourth is Ikhfa', before the remaining letters, obligatory for the excellent reciter.

Noon Sakinah & Tanween

فِي خَمْسَةٍ مِنْ بَعْدِ عَشْرٍ رَمْزُهَا * فِي كِلْمِ هَذَا البَيْتِ قَدْ ضَمَّنْتُهَا

Meaning: In fifteen letters, whose symbols I have placed in the words of this line:

Noon Sakinah & Tanween

صِفْ ذَا ثَنَا كَمْ جَادَ شَخْصٌ قَدْ سَمَا * دُمْ طَيِّبًا زِدْ فِي تُقًى ضَعْ ظَالِمَا

Meaning: «Sif dha thana kam jada shakhsun qad sama, dum tayyiban zid fi tuqan da' zaliman» (the first letter of each word).

Meem and Noon with shaddah

وَغُنَّ مِيمًا ثُمَّ نُونًا شُدِّدَا * وَسَمِّ كُلًّا حَرْفَ غُنَّةٍ بَدَا

Meaning: Make ghunnah on Meem and Noon with shaddah, and call each a letter of ghunnah.

Meem Sakinah

وَالْمِيمُ إِنْ تَسْكُنْ تَجِي قَبْلَ الْهِجَا * لَا أَلِفٍ لَيِّنَةٍ لِذِي الْحِجَا

Meaning: Meem with sukoon comes before every letter except the soft Alif, for the wise.

Meem Sakinah

أَحْكَامُهَا ثَلَاثَةٌ لِمَنْ ضَبَطْ * إِخْفَاءٌ ادْغَامٌ وَإِظْهَارٌ فَقَطْ

Meaning: Its rulings are three for the precise: Ikhfa', Idgham and Izhar only.

Meem Sakinah

فَالأَوَّلُ الإِخْفَاءُ عِنْدَ الْبَاءِ * وَسَمِّهِ الشَّفْوِيَّ لِلقُرَّاءِ

Meaning: The first is Ikhfa' before Baa, and call it «shafawi» (labial) for the reciters.

Meem Sakinah

وَالثَّانِ إِدْغَامٌ بِمِثْلِهَا أَتَى * وَسَمِّ إِدْغَامًا صَغِيرًا يَا فَتَى

Meaning: The second is Idgham with its like (Meem); call it the minor Idgham, O young one.

Meem Sakinah

وَالثَّالِثُ الإِظْهَارُ فِي الْبَقِيَّهْ * مِنْ أَحْرُفٍ وَسَمِّهَا شَفْوِيَّهْ

Meaning: The third is Izhar with the remaining letters, and call it «shafawi».

Meem Sakinah

وَاحْذَرْ لَدَى وَاوٍ وَفَا أَنْ تَخْتَفِي * لِقُرْبِهَا وَلاتِّحَادِ فَاعْرِفِ

Meaning: Beware of concealing it before Waaw and Faa, because they are close and share a makhraj, so know this.